The former player: 'I wanted to carry on my rugby career'
Important note: This piece includes details of discriminatory language and behaviour
Ex-England centre Luther Burrell claims that speaking out to expose racial discrimination in professional rugby led his professional journey to an early conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the game, displaying Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I have absolutely had to end my career because of what happened," he told reporters.
"I wanted to carry on playing, of course I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when word emerged that there were investigations underway.
"That was difficult - I had to simply accept the outcome and understand that this entire situation is a lot bigger than me."
A sports organization report in 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not gather sufficient evidence to categorically say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was surprisingly excluded for their squad for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell told journalists he also faced prejudice within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him win 15 caps after his first game in 2014.
"I've had several traumatic experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Some discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"This is something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the issue that I've personally experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"During a extended period you just begin to believe that it's the standard and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was eventually motivated to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the professional level and to the introduction of an action plan for the professional game."
"The organization has given significant attention on diversity and diversity in the sport and a substantial amount of work completed both prior and since Luther Burrell spoke publicly and shared his encounters of racism and class discrimination," it continued.
"The organization are ongoing work with clubs and stakeholders in the elite level to work for a culture of inclusivity but recognize this requires patience and is an ongoing process."
Every Prem and PWR club now has face-to-face education on building welcoming environments, with its effectiveness monitored via individual reports and surveys.
All England players, including youth squads, are trained in being "active bystanders" to intervene and protect others from damaging conduct.
"You should be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this effect on you and finished your career, but in our eyes, you have done so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's dad Geoff died soon after the filming of the documentary, and his sibling passed away recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a social housing in his hometown, continues his work to make the game more open.
His 12 Foundation works to connect with children in under-served communities and help them thrive both on the field with free sports coaching, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My personal intentions are pure, I want to see the progress of the sport and if nobody else is willing to tell their story then I'll persist to fight that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he explained.
"We have an responsibility to make the sport as great as it can be and the more I talk about it perhaps the more confident others will feel about sharing their own stories as well.
"I need to grab the bull by the opportunity and continue bearing this banner and continue supporting this weight and accomplish what I can to create possibilities and make the game more attractive and more inclusive.
"There are a lot of disadvantaged young people and a lot of poverty and I sincerely think that the sport has the potential to transform their futures, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a comeback to previous team Northampton in November 2022